Friction pulse bonding (FPB) has been applied mainly to malleable materials such as copper and aluminium. These materials require less force and less deformation to achieve a joint. Harder/stiffer materials are more difficult and cause wear of the rotating, hardened steel wheel used in the process.
Using FPB, the weldability of a range of materials has been investigated. Results are summarised in the table:
| Group 1: materials which are readily welded using FPB | Group 2: materials which are more difficult to weld using FPB |
|---|
| aluminium |
spring steel |
| copper |
aluminium to alumina |
| copper braid |
acetate film |
| copper track on printed circuit board |
polypropylene |
| copper wire to copper/polyimide flexible circuit |
high density polypropylene |
| PVC insulated copper ribbon cable |
PVC |
Further information
FAQ:
What is friction pulse bonding?
FAQ: Is friction pulse bonding an industrially mature process?